Axolotl

Overview

The axolotl is a neotenic salamander related to the tiger salamander. It's unique for its ability to remain in its larval form throughout its life, a trait known as neoteny. Axolotls have external gills, a cartilaginous skeleton, and can regenerate limbs and other body parts. They come in several color morphs including wild-type (brown/olive with gold speckles), leucistic (pale pink with black eyes), albino, and melanoid.

Taxonomy

Kingdom:

Animalia

Phylum:

Chordata

Class:

Amphibia

Order:

Caudata

Family:

Ambystomatidae

Genus:

Ambystoma

Species:

mexicanum

Distribution

Natural range: Lake Xochimilco, Lake Chalco, Mexico City, Mexico

Sexual Dimorphism

Males have swollen cloacal regions, especially during breeding season. Females tend to be slightly larger with plumper bodies.

Habitat

Type: Freshwater lake, Canals

Depth: 0.5 - 3 m

Substrate: Fine sand, Mud

Water Parameters

Tank Requirements

Minimum Volume:

75 L

Recommended Volume:

150 L

Tank Shape:

Long, low tanks preferable to deep ones

Water Flow:

Minimal to none

Filtration:

Gentle sponge filter or canister filter with diffused output

Lighting:

Subdued (8 - 12 hours/day)

Aquascape:

Fine sand substrate, Clay/PVC pipes for hiding, Live plants (optional)

Diet

Type: Carnivore

Staple foods: Earthworms, Bloodworms, Pellet food specially formulated for axolotls

Supplements: Daphnia, Brine shrimp, Small pieces of fish or shrimp

Feeding frequency: 1 times per day

Adult axolotls should be fed every 2-3 days. Juveniles need daily feeding.

Behavior

Temperament:

Docile

Social:

Can be kept in groups if tank size permits and all are similar in size

Territorial:

Minimally, but may nip at gills or limbs of tankmates if crowded

Compatibility

Suitable tankmates: Same species of similar size

Avoid: Fish (may nip at gills), Invertebrates (will be eaten), Other amphibians

Breeding

Type:

External fertilization

Spawning Behavior:

Males release spermatophores that females collect with their cloaca

Difficulty:

Moderate to difficult

Egg Care:

Eggs are typically attached to plants or decor. Remove adults to prevent predation on eggs.

Notes:

Breeding requires a winter cooling period. Temperature should be gradually lowered to 14°C for a few weeks, then slowly raised again.

Health

Common diseases: Fungal infections, Bacterial infections, Ammonia burns

Treatments: Salt baths, Tea baths, Antibiotics under veterinary guidance

Price & Availability

Price range: 20 - 100 USD

Availability: Moderate, varies by region and legality

Conservation Status

IUCN:

Critically Endangered

CITES:

Appendix II

References

• Axolotl Care Guide (Accessed: 2023-05-20)
• IUCN Red List: Ambystoma mexicanum (Accessed: 2023-05-20)